有一座叫做圣家族大教堂的建筑,它被称为全球最美的“烂尾楼” !
如果一座城市的荣光只能归属一个人的话,那么西班牙的巴塞罗那(Barcelona)无疑是属于高迪的。遍布城市各处奇思妙想的建筑吸引了潮水般不断涌来的高迪追随者,而历经一百多年尚未完工的圣家堂几乎支撑着许多人活下来的愿望。
家族大教堂的总设计师安东尼·高迪,是巴塞罗那建筑史上最疯狂的艺术家,也是西班牙的骄傲,他凭借惊世才华造就了巴塞罗那的传奇与灵魂。在高迪的作品中,高达六件被联合国列为世界文化遗产,这是全球绝无仅有的荣誉。
1872年,巴塞罗那的一位书商从意大利之旅归来后,萌生了建造一座教堂的想法。1882年,圣家堂开工,次年,当时还很年轻的建筑师高迪加入其中。从此之后的43年间,高迪始终为圣家堂的建造工作,直到1926年一个夏日的傍晚,这位垂垂老矣的伟大建筑师,死于一场车祸。
高迪的坟墓就在圣家堂内,他的精神与灵魂也留在了圣家堂的每一道曲线中——他曾说过“直线属于人类,曲线属于上帝”。圣家堂也一如他所有充满奇思异想的建筑,舍弃了所有的直线线条,取代以螺旋、双曲线、抛物线等属于上帝的线条。
圣家堂。从远处看过去,它就像一片笔直向上的阴暗森林,高耸在巴塞罗那的市中心,而比它的塔尖更高的是几座作业中的塔机。从1882年至今,圣家堂仍未建成毕竟他的客户也是上帝。
在回答人们对圣家堂建设进度缓慢的质疑时,高迪说过这样的话:“我的客户并不着急。”他相信上帝拥有所有的时间,因此他并不急于完工,而是让这座教堂缓慢但茁壮地生长。
圣家堂美得动人心魄。它的主体是高迪设计的18座高塔。中央最高的代表耶稣,周围环绕的4座代表4位福音传道者,北方向的后塔代表圣母玛利亚,其余各立面分别设置12座则代表耶稣的十二门徒。
教堂内部空间,高迪以树木和森林作为灵感来源,建造了一片森林。在教堂表面,高迪刻画了一部圣经,数之不尽的雕塑,把圣经故事完美地融入到整栋建筑中。阳光透过彩窗照射进教堂内部,让这里仿佛是一座会呼吸的森林。现在的圣家族大教堂仍然是一座还没有建好的“烂尾楼”,不过教堂还是对外开放一些场地供游客们参观,门票的价格在15欧元左右,这些门票钱也是用来维修建造教堂的费用。
教堂每年吸引超过300万的游客,获得2000多万美元的收益,折合人民币1亿多。但2008年,圣家族大教堂曾经被罚款近3亿人民币,在高迪接手之后改动了教堂设计图纸,占地和原来不再一样,这一百多年以来,始终没有获得巴塞罗那市政府的许可。不过现在,圣家堂已经和市政府达成协议,付清了债务,获得了该建筑的建筑许可证。
圣家族大教堂就是高迪未完成的遗作。教堂始建于1882年,高迪1883年接手,倾注了大半生的心血去修筑这座建筑,最后一年甚至住在了圣家堂的工地上。然而他留下的大量设计稿、模型在上世纪30年代的西班牙内战时期被无政府主义者烧毁,导致圣家堂的工程一度停滞,直到1954年才重新动工。修建教堂的资金主要来自于个人捐款与如今游客的门票,因此工程进展十分受资金掣肘,直到21世纪才刚刚进程过半。
这些景点中,有一座叫做圣家族大教堂的建筑,它被称为全球最美的“烂尾楼”, 是伟大的建筑家高迪的毕生心血,还被当地人歌颂为“未完成的纪念碑”。这座已经建了137年的建筑终于快要完工了,官方宣布在高迪逝世100周年(2026年)之际完工。 这座隗宝目前还没建好,但在开设过后,想必也会成为巴塞罗那的一座地标,这个外观,你会想去旅游吗?
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